Publix Case Essay Example for Free

Publix Case EssayThis list of items changes from region to region and even from store to store. The items on the theft-prone list are locked up for safe keeping. It is essential that Publix offer to take the necessary actions to prevent the likelihood of theft. While a company cannot prevent all attempts of theft, it can certainly do its due diligence to secure that the number of cases of theft is minimized. Additionally, Publix employees play a study role in reducing the amount of legal costs the company incurs. All employees are judge to work to ensure store safety on a consistent basis. By being proactive with these types of training programs and locking away commonly stolen merchandise, Publix is change magnitude the amount of time and money it spends on legal issues. Economic Factors With the recent downturn in the economy, many customers are now looking for the lowest value retailer to purchase from. Publix has built its brand based mostly on the quality of products a nd the shopping experience, not the lowest price.Retailers that consumers generally equate to low prices accept Wal-Mart and bulk buying retailers like Costco and Sams Club. With that in mind, in times like these, Publix catch outms to be at a major disadvantage. Publix understands that there is strong competition in the supermarket industry(Weinstein, pg 272). Publix, like many other grocery chains, is having a difficult time competing with low cost supercenters. Even in a recession, the average American consumer is suave spending a large portion of their income on food. Although U. S. food spending is on the rise, supermarkets are not capturing their fair share (Weinstein, pg 274). Consequently, Publix has to now change the consumer nidus on price to one of value. Publixs goal is to make every customer feel personally valued in such a way that they see themselves as one in a million(Weinstein, pg 269). If Publix is able to continue to differentiate its products value for the c onsumer, it may be able to convert the supercenter shopper into a loyal customer. fond/ Cultural Factors At Publix, everything revolves around pleasing the customer, which is why it has enjoyed much of the success it has had since the 1930s(Weinstein, pg 269). Superior customer value and quality of products are cornerstones in the Publix culture. Publix depends on the circumstance that a more educated consumer is willing to pay a slightly higher price for great return. The average Publix customer is well-educated and lives within a 5 mile radius of the store in which they shop. Publix understands that it is far easier to maintain a current customer than to attract a new one.Thus, Publix associates are also support to use their daily observations, customer feedback, survey evaluation, and other data to improve their jobs, better serve their customers, and make Publix a better place where shopping is a pleasure(Weinstein, pg 280). Technological Factors An industry study revealed th at by 2007, about 20 million households in the United States will purchase groceries, food, and other household items onlineHowever, to date, none of the major grocery chains have mastered the online arena(Weinstein, pg 281).Publix is working towards how to profitably master implementing the technological processes that its customer is demanding. In an attempt to enter the online grocery market, Publix launched PublixDirect in 2001. This service came to an end in 2003 despite all the proper planning that went into its conception. It is imperative that Publix finds a way to control its costs in an effort to compete with the a couple of(prenominal) successful online grocers that currently dominate the market.

Global economic Essay Example for Free

Global sparing EssayExecutive summaryThe cur hold essay demonstrates the scenario of Indian economic crisis in 2014. Ca hires and impact to India was talked in the first section influence on separate economy peculiarly to Australia was analyzed and Stolper-Samuelson Theorem was applied in section 2 similar situations in history were menti 1d in the third section.1. Describe its causes economic or non-economic (2% for creativity). In 2014, many emerging economies are facing liquidity crisis, especially India. It was the aftermath of the US QE exit. The QE is the monetary policy applied by countries give care US, UK, and some EU members, that to expand the money allow and leverage it was an effective short-term fix to boost investment and economy growth, yet when it became too long, it caused negative influence in both domestic and the global economy. Indian economy is highly dependent on unconnected capital inflows, and most of them are the cheap money brought from countri es with QE policies.With vast investment, the India political relation spent a lot on infrastructures and constitute plants that the government kept a deficit account these years. Deficits became choreatic when investment capitals stopped. Economically, short of money directly make those on-going projects unfinished quitting QE bequeath appreciate foreign currencies like USD while make the India currency Rupee comparably depreciate when Rupee is weaker, thither exit be inflation in domestic trade good price. Non- economically, delay or stagnation of projects along with weak Rupee drove a loss of confidence on India economy, bear stock and gold trade caused the equity and houses prices dropped,.India is exposed under financial crisis bought by deep troubles at home and abroad weak Rupee performance due to comparably secure dollar market gloom due to foreign investment withdraws domestic commodity price surge due to inflation caused by currency devaluation gross domestic produ ct growth slowed and Indian government is facing questions on its creditability and huge deficit account.Below charts show the economic personal personal effects of how QE policies in the rest of the human beings change India and caused financial crisis First of all, when foreign currencies (like USD) tapered the investment injection to India (S0 to S1, q0 to q1), Rupee devaluated (as much Rupee need for 1 dollar, r0to r1) as Rupee devaluated, price of import goods increased, higher cost shift the aggregate supply leftwards and caused higher price level (P to P1) and lower real GDP (Y to Y1).2. Describe its impact on world trade and commodity prices, and use the Stolper Samuelson theorem to predict the effect on in fall distribution in Australia.As mentioned above, stagnation of foreign investment and weak Rupee caused sluggish GDP growth and higher commodities prices. Devaluation of Rupee makes Indian government even harder to repay its deficits, which in turn attained all the economy activities globally. As one of the two superpowers in Asia, India has considerable economic influence over Australia. Indians are less rich compare with the rest of the world therefore less Indians would come to Australia for study.Education market is negatively affected and there forget be job losses or even closing down in bringing up sector in Australia. As a net skill importer, India has large demand for Australian energy products, especially for coal (for coal is the main energy resource in India). Comparably strong Australian dollar makes Aussie products less favored by India, expect the mining products, for those are necessities. According to Stolper-Samuelson theorem, assuming fully employment and free labor mobility, as the demand for mining products stay steady while demand for luxury products or separate non-necessities slowdown, there depart be contrastive changes in mining and other sectors.For mining as a capital-intensive industry, selling price increa se will increase capital and rent be, but lower the real net on the other hand, labor sectors like agriculture and services industries, shrink foreign demand results price cuts, which wage level also decreases yet capital and rent costs rises. Below charts show how the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem applies on the interactions between capital/rent and wage costs.The green banknote represents the labor-intensive industry (marked as L, like agriculture) and the orange line represents the capital-intensive industry (marked as C, like mining) when theres a price increase on capital-intensive products, the wrestle shifts rightwards (to C1), capital/rent cost increases (r to r1) while wage level decreases (w to w1) when theres a price drop on labor-intensiveproducts, the curve shifts leftwards (to L1), capital/rent cost increases (r to r1) while wage level decreases (w to w1)Moreover, weak economy in India may promote talent immigrations for skilled labor (e.g., from IT industry) travel t o Australia. Economically, increased abroad labor supply would lower the wage level in Australia, which may cut costs of producing and make Australian goods and services more than glossy to the rest of the world Non-economically, gathering of professions will boost technology improvement, that would have Australian more competitive on the other hand, a supererogatory of labor supply may cause social problems like unemployment and high government payment on unemployment insurance.3. Document any historical crises that might be relevant for your answer (4%). The current India financial crisis is somewhat similar to many cases in the history. The 1929 Great Depression started after the Black Tuesday of stock market scoot in 29 October astonishing unemployment rate had got many people lost home and the depression lasted until 1933 (Americas Story).The Great Depression is very representative because it was caused by many typical indicators like subprime bubble burst, capital rupture, unbalanced industrial structure, and pessimistic over future economy (Bemanke James 1991). One thing different is that the Great Depression results commodity prices drop where the 2014 India crisis results inflations. The price level increases while GDP slowdown could be explained as Indias high dependency on foreign investment and the vulnerability of Rupee.Part 2Executive summaryDrug policy can change supply and demand curves. Penalizing supplying reduces balance quantity and retchs equilibrium price while penalizing users reduces both. It is found that different policies have their advantages and limitation. An example in Singapore indicates last penalty for suppling drags but some discord regarding social perspective.There is an ongoing debate about medicates prohibition by government. Advocatesbelieve prohibition can reduce medicates trafficking and use, so that lower crime, improving productivity and increasing peoples wellness. Opponents believe prohibition has only modest effects on trafficking and use while causing many problems such as numerous other negative side effects and increased crime and corruption. One issue in this debate is the effect of drugs prohibition on government budgets.Prohibition entails direct enforcement costs, and prohibition encumbers taxation of drug work and sale. Understandably, thus, some politicians, commentators, interest groups, and citizens have embraced unconventional approaches to closing fiscal gaps, such as sub judiceizing drugs. The enforcement costs would be negligible and governments could levy taxes on the production and sale of drug. Also, government cost would decline and gains in tax revenue.The figure analyses the market for drug if there were no government intervention. The equilibrium would be at point A, which price P1 and Q1. Total revenue of sellers and total spending by buyers would be the area of the rectangle P1*Q1.The other figure shows the effect of a government effort to restrict su pply through any of several methods, including vigilant customs inspections, arrest and stiff penalties for drug dealer, or efforts to reduce drug traffic from producing countries like Thailand. The decrease in supply is represented by a leftward shift of the supply curve, establishing a bare-ass equilibrium at price P2 and quantity Q2. All this suggest that supply restrictions if they successfully reduce the equilibrium quantity of drug and will also raise its equilibrium price.Similarly, based on the inelastic demand for illegal drugs, has led many economists to advocate the controlled legitimation of most currently illegal drugs. Others advocate a shift of emphasis in the war from decreasing supply to decreasing demand. Policies that might decrease the demand for illegal drugs and shift the demand curve leftward entangle stiffer penalties on drugs users.The figure shows a policy of reducing demand. As the demand curve shifts leftward, price falls from P1 to P3, and quantity de manded falls from Q1 to Q3. This would lead to total expenditure on drugs decrease and cancontribute to a low crime rate by drug users and make the drug industry less attractive to potential dealers and producers.Opponents to the policy of full legalizationOpponents believe that the legalization of drugs would increase use, lad to more experimentation by youth, and exacerbate the existing deleterious effects that drugs have on community (Smith, 2011). They are of the opinion that government subsidization of addicts would have crippling effects on the economy. They also feel that legalization would dish to create a large black market for drugs.The point of view is that dealers will still be involved in crime and violence and those users will still need to support themselves by engaging in criminal activity, thus, it will result in even larger prison populations. Basically, they believe that the legalization of drugs would lead to increases, not reductions, in crime because there wo uld be more addicts and because of the aforementioned black market (Wilson, 1990). Also, they believe the legalize drugs would have devastating effects on public health, the economy, quality of life, culture and society as a whole.Opponents to the policy of penalizing useThere are some arguments that against the drugs uses. For example, the failure of prohibition to prevent consumption of outlaw(a) drugs shows that existing policies do not work. It would be preferable to use the money saved by ending prohibition to provide more drug rehabilitation centres and more drug education. More than this though, prohibition creates a powerful supply vacuum which can only be filled by criminals.The consequence of this is less safe drugs (from adulteration), violence and stronger organised crime elements. Moreover, by criminalising drug users, prohibition needlessly removes people from potential employment and use to society and possibly creates criminals out of people who wouldnt otherwise be so inclined. Some illegal drugs are no more dangerous than the legal drugs of alcoholic beverage and tobacco.On the other hand, proponents of medical drugs such as marijuana argue that it can be a safe and effective treatment for the symptoms of cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, and other conditions. They cite dozens of peer-reviewed studies, prominent medical organizations, major government reports, and the use of marijuana asmedicine throughout world history (Barton, 2007).Opponents to the policy of penalizing supplyAll criminal and civil penalties against production, distribution, sale, and possession would cease because the policy might impose drugs specific regulations and taxes if in a legalized drugs regime, as occurs now for alcohol and tobacco. This would affect government budgets such as government would save the resources currently devoted to arresting, prosecuting, and incarcerating drugs producers and consumers (Holland, 2010).Also, government would collect tax revenue on the production and sale of legal drugs. The tax rates on drugs might be the same as those applied generally, or they might be higher, as with alcohol and tobacco. Miron (2005) indicates that drugs such as Marijuana legalization would reduce government expenditures by roughly $8 billion p.a. and would generate tax revenue of approximately $2.4 billion annually if drugs were taxed like all other goods.Opponents to the policy of penalizing both use and supplyCriticisms of the current drug policy are varied and come from a enormous variety of perspective. For example, current policy is not meeting its goals of reducing illegal drug use or its consequences. Demand for illegal drugs has not been reduced in vulnerable population or in the general population as evidenced by recent significant increases in illegal drug use among high school seniors (Inciardi, 1999).The high percentage of illegal drug use among arrestees indicates that current policy significantl y contributes to criminal behaviour among drug users. This suggests that drug fair play simply criminalize a medical and public health problem and ask the legal system to deal with what it is, in fact, unable to affect a medical condition. Also, the drugs can be used in medicine to treat the various diseases that people have.Singapore, where is a Southeast Asian island city-state, is facing the rising of drug consumption and healthcare costs problems. The government of Singapore constitutes a range of severe polices to solve these marijuana problems. Acutely Singapore is close to the Golden triplicity opium productionregion, which is the 2nd largest opium production centre in the world, as well as a major transport hub.Hence it is a transshipment point for illicit drugs, as well as minor market given the relative affluence of society (TheRealSingapore, 2013). Therefore, the drug demand will always remain, as will drug trafficking, due to Singapore status as a transport hub. In fact , the social mechanisms are harmed by the drug due to the crime, also the single health are damaged by the marijuana (TheRealSingapore, 2013).For the actual policy on marijuana in Singapore, according to international business time 2011, Singapore, like much of Southeast Asia, has very draconian laws, particularly with respect to drug trafficking. Sometime, the drug trafficking often leads to the death penalty. In my opinion, I disagree with the death penalty due to the drug trade refer to the opponents to the policy of penalizing supply above. In Singapore, it is the penalizing supply only.For example, any adult convicted of trafficking at least 15 grams of heroin, 30 grams of cocain or 500 grams of cannabis, faces mandatory death penalty (international business time 2011). So far, estimates that at least 400 people have been executed in the island since 1991, mostly on drug-related convictions.Thus, Singapore has very small population about 5-million population it has one of the worlds highest rates of executions per capita (international business time 2011). In addition, Singapore has defended its drug policies. In 2009, The UN Human Rights Council strongly disagrees that States should refrain from using the death penalty in relation to drug-related offenses. However, Singapore protects their drug policy that the death penalty has become major policy to deterring drug (international business time 2011).One of the reasons why someone refuses the analysis of economic to solve this problem is that the drug problem is not only the economic problem but also the social and health problems. Although using the economic analysis to deal with the drug problem that it can give the government maximum financial benefits, it will badly influence the health problem of people.Also the rate of social crime will increase due to the drug trade. According to Buddy (2013), the drug increase alertness and physical activity. Marijuana use causes short-term memory loss, decrease s sperm and testosterone productionin men, and may disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause miscarriage and stillbirth in women. To sum up, the drug trade brings the negative social and health problems more than the economic benefits.

Chichén Itzá in Mexico

Chichn Itz in MexicoIntroductionThe sacred Mayan city of Chichn Itz is situated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, about 50 miles inland from the Caribbean Coastline and about 100 miles south of Cancun, Mexico. Even though there are separate ancient ruins in Mexico, Chichn Itz is the second some discovered site in this country, predominantly due to the structures like the Great Ballcourt, El Castillo and El Caracol. These phenomenal structures demonstrate the tremendous intelligence of the Mayans as well as how their lifestyle was affected greatly by astronomical events. The Mayans built seven ballcourts in Chichn Itz for playing the Mesoamerican ball game. The most notable is the Great Ballcourt which is the largest in the Mayan world, with the dimensions of about 503 feet in length, 97.5 feet in width and each side wall was almost 30 feet in height. The way that they knowing this ballcourt was so acoustically sound, that a person stand at one end can hear a whisper from a pers on standing at the other end about 443 feet away. The game itself was played with two teams and each player had the opportunity to hit the ball with their hips, wrists and/or elbows in crop to put the ball through a vertical stone ring on either side of the court to score points. The team with the most points at the end of the game would be announced the winner. While the Mayans enjoyed playing the ball game, there were some dire consequences. At the end of each game, it is believed that the captain of the gentle team would offer himself to be decapitated to the captain of the losing team. It seems a little strange that the winner would be the one to be sacrificed, but the Mayans considered this to be a great honor.SummaryThe most well known structure at Chichn Itz is the temple of Kukulkan, which is also called El Castillo. The gain is made out of limestone blocks and towers 75 feet above the ground with a base of about 181 feet on each of its four sides. There are nine platform s on each side of the pyramid and four stairways which lead to the Upper Temple. It is thought that the Upper Temple was uptaked to conduct the most important ceremonies by the Mayan rulers. The construction of El Castillo demonstrates the Mayans knowledge and use of astronomy. It is believed that the Mayans used various shadows and designs formed by the sun shining on the Pyramid to signal the beginning and ending of the harvest season. During the spring and fall equinox around 3pm, the sun would cast an amazing shadow on the North stairway. When the suns rays would hit the Northwest corner of the pyramid it would cause seven tri leans to form a shadow of a serpents body that slowly moved downward until it joined up with a large serpents head carved of stone at the merchant ship of the stairway. The Mayans also designed El Castillo as a physical calendar. Each stairway consists of 91 steps at a 45 degree angle on each of the four sides of the temple, which equals 364 and when yo u count the top platform, it is believed to represent 365 days in a year. In addition to the serpents head at the base of the jointure stairway, there are serpent heads at the bottom of each of the other three stairways as well. It is truly amazing how much the Mayans knew and how accurately they built El Castillo to monitor their astronomical events. Another beautiful structure at Chichn Itz with a lot of significance is El Caracol, some cartridge clips referred to as the Observatory. El Caracol is a dome that was erected on top of a large platform so that the Mayans could observe the motions of Venus as well as the equinoxes and solstices through its many windows. This tuition directed the Mayan way of life.ConclusionThe Mayans strategically placed the windows in the dome so that they could follow the motions of Venus. The Mayan leaders would use the changing positions of Venus to make their decisions on whether or not to engage in battle since it is believed that Venus was a wa r god. Venus positions would repeat exactly e truly 8 years, and this would have been very beneficial to the Mayans since they used natural cycles to keep track of time. When Venus is at its most northern extreme position, it lines up with the Grand Stairway in antecedent of El Caracol. Furthermore, the northeast and the southwest corners of the platform line up with the summer and winter solstice. This intentional set-up further aided the Mayans in keeping track of time over the extended periods of the cycle of Venus. Chichn Itz is one of the New 7 Wonders of the World that would be an enjoyable experience. Even though there are other ancient ruins in Mexico, Chichn Itz is the second most visited site in this country, predominantly due to the structures like the Great Ballcourt, El Castillo and El Caracol. A visit to Chichn Itz will give you a better understanding of the Mayan rituals through their ball games. Furthermore you will be amazed at how the structures of El Castillo and El Caracol aided the Mayans in keeping track of time by using astronomical events. Chichn Itz is undoubtedly one of the most astonishing places to visit in Mexico.

British Airways Marketing Mix

British Airways selling MixBritish Airways plc (LSE BAY) is the flag carrier institutionalizeline of the United Kingdom. The headquater of Britsh Airways is situated in Waterside faithful by its core London Heathrow Airport and BA is the biggest air commuter carrier on the based of swift, and long place flights. The second main aerodrome after heathrow is Gatwick airport, from where British Airways offers presently haul flights.The British Airways Group was bring into existance through and through Labour Government on 1st of September 1974 through. The existance of BA was collect to the alliance of two biggest London-based air passenger carriers, BOAC and BEA, and with the two comparatively quite small local airlines, Cambrian Airways Cardiff and Northeast Airlines Newcastle upon Tyne. All of these four originally recite companies finally got dissolved on 31 March 1974 to form British Airways (BA) and then after thirteen years, in February 1987, the telephoner got privatised . Later on British Airways got expanded by acquiring British Caledonian in 1988 and then Gatwick-based carrier Dan-Air in 1992. British Airways is the major and biggest buyer of boeing aircrafts.and in November 1998 British Airways placed its setoff main order of 89 A320 crafts.and then the second largest order was placed In 2007 for starting their long distance flights. The centrepiece of the airlines the long-haul fleet being the Boeing 747-400 with 54 examples. Now British Airways is counted as the largest operator of the type in the populace.Richard Bransons established Virgin Atlantic in 1984 and after that Virgin Atlantic begin a rigid and tense relationship with British Airways . In 1993 British Airways apologised Virgin Atlantic without urguing on compaign once more(prenominal)st Virgin Atlantic. This was the first time in airline manufacture that any airline was penalised for damaging the reputation of other(a) airline and so Britsh Airways had paid damages to them. Bu t British Airways passive stayed as a biggest airline till 2008 on the base of large number of clients which was virtually 35.7 million passengers . But later on Easy course get the tittle of carrying utter approximately customer in the same year which was around 44.5 million. British Airways got listed on the London Stock Exchange 2001 with FTSE of 100 index.On 12 November 2009, British Airways announce its alliance with the largest spain based airline called Iberia Airlines. This newly combined airline will incur BA worlds third-largest carrier (Delta Airlines at number bingle ranking and American Airlines standing on second number) in scathe of annual revenue.Literature Review2. merchandise-The American Marketing Association defines trade as the solve of seening and executing conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and religious work to create exchanges that pay off individual and physical compositional goals. So it can be give tongue to that market is getting the proper(ip) product to the right mess at the right price at the right time.2.1. Marketing concept-Marketing concept path the ways an organization should adopt to maximise their profits by fulfilling the motivatings of their customer groups. This marketing concept is truly straight for struggled and that is why it has a great divvy up of commonsense validity.The impressionive marketing starts right with the identification and appreciation of customers needs and expectations and then working backwards to develop such products and/or services to satisfy their customers needs and or demands. The basic task of the marketing function operating under the marketing concept is non to manipulate customers to do what suits the interests of the firm, but rather to hold effective and efficient means of making the business do what suits the interests of its customers. It does non mean that all firms practice marketing in this ideal way. nonetheless efficie nt as well effective marketing as defined here requires that consumers needs should be kept first in organizational decision-making process.2.2. Marketing ObjectivesGrowth in market shargonClearer product differentiationLong term brand apprize to customersCreating and launching new products / services Innovation2.3. Marketing StrategiesMarketing Strategies are the means by which marketing objectives can be achieved and generally can be remembered as 7Ps (also known as Marketing Mix) are as followsPriceProductPlacePromotionCustomer SatisfactionProcessesPhysical evidencePeopleMarketing Strategies of British Airways get fit into the marketing mix as-Product On the basis of BA advanced class products (services they provide their customers) they are awarded with official 4 stars ranking.Price As utmostthermost as pricing scheme of BA is concerned Officials of British Airways strongly, categorically and confidently address their customers to book their tickets online with full confi dence at BA.com and if they of all time find lower rates than British airways (anywhere online) they commit to refund all the difference, even if they make the booking online.Promotion British Airways is famous for introducing different kinds of vouchers and discounted coupons for their customers. They always look offering discount voucher codes to their customers even if they are not the club members (but requires a simple registration only once with them). They also offer particular(a) rewards and benefits in terms of long/ short holiday packages not only for cheaper flights but for rented cars as well (in order to make their customers more happy and faithful towards their integrated services). The only thing customer is supposed to do is just collecting the BA miles headways by flying with them or with any of the partner airlines and by staying in selected hotels and also by rented cars. All adding to customers points towards getting more and more points.Place British Airway s having a vast entanglement of flights crosswise the globe serves destinations across all the six major continents including closely 371 destinations. Though main hub of British Airways is at London Heathrow airport but British Airways also operates a bulk of their flights at London Gatwick Airport. Previously British Airways used to look at its main hub in Manchester Airport which later on moved to London Heathrow.3. Environmental abridgment of British Airways3.1. SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is a measure to audit an organization and its environs (internal and/or external). It is assumed as the first form of planning and ultimately helps marketers to specifiaclly focus on the key uncovers facing that organization.SWOT abbreviation is comprises of four different factors strengths, weakenednesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are basically meant to represent internal environment of an organization while on the other opportunities and threats are consid ered as external factors directly or indirectly influencing business of the organization.(S)trengths Strength of British Airways is its note and rated as a first new speedy airline,specially purchased to promise fosterable travelling of passengers. This scheme was introduced by keeping an eye on customer complaints. previously standard by the fleet used by British Airways in the past. The magnitude of Airways operations discontinues them on pro over all of their competitors by giving high class services to a farthermost more wider variety of customers. Moreover, on the basis of knowledge and skills, BA operational research department claims that analytical skills performed by the members of the play along and its employees are its strengths. Their strong customer focus further develops expertise in customer service areas in terms of purchasing high-end software for the air services and wide selection of it further enhance the organisation strength on compititors.(W)eaknesses Britsh Airway is always great criticised on their poor marketing strategies which is one of the worst weeknesses of the airline which vex had a bad impact on customer satisfaction. Despite the great infra structure owned by the company, BA still needs to introduce and carry out better market schemes in order to attract more customers. Hence, a separate competitive package for customer service must be introduced in order to make the current service virtuallywhat more attractive towards its clients, further prompting an prospect of earning larger amounts of revenues. Morever limited knowledge about simulation software and its development is also reflects airline weeknesses.(O)pportunities The rapid changing in techonologies and innovation in product , would employ on the right time could be a great probability. As it is rightly said that the global changes can be considered and utilised as an opportunity to work with, while ignoring certain opportunities can be considered a weak ness. In BA, virtual reality and appreciation of these opportunities could definately provide new sources for simulation and/or obtaining network softwares and ultimtely sharing expertise by means of special interest/focused groups. So opportunities derived from such kind of common thinking can really be utilized to further strengthen the companys business. Technological trends further opens doors for new opportunities in terms of various business domains, (however, if it is taken for granted), opportunities can both be a treated as a threat or as a weakness as well. In order to promote global trends would be a greater chance for the organisation.(T)hreats It is not really central that threats would be external it can be external. Internal threats as seen in caution are not only the centralized but a bureaucratic system and above all poor decision-making really adds fuel to fire. Moreover, the companys focus on national and local problems pose a threat since much more problems w hich company seems to neglect can be easliy appreciated in the global scheme. It neglects the global problems instead charge deeply on the national and/or local levels. The global problems greatly offer tremendous threats if and when companies will ignore such. Moreover, globalization can be an opportunity and strength but at the same time can also be considered as a threat if not to be keen and brisk of its tricks and treachery. Further, rapid changes on technology and customers behavior (in accordance to their demands) can also be a threat if interpreted mistakenly.3.2 PESTEL AnalysisA PEST analysis is a business measurement tool, looking at factors external to the organization.PESTLE is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, factors. These factors are generally used to assess the market for any business or organizational unit. The PEST analysis points present as a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also be used to review organiztions current strate gy or position, direction of a company, its marketing proposition and /or idea. There are many variants on this model including PESTLE analysis.(P)olitical and (L)egal FactorsPolitical factor does effect any organisation in certain ways if the appropriate step will not taken to resolve . The incident of 7/11 left(a) security threat for the airline industry as well ,due to this kind of activity will effect the government stability . If we talk about war in Iraq does prove that country is in crisis or instable.So due to these kind of accidents athourities has to imposed more strick strick legislation which evryone has to follow.Recently legislation athourites has placed amended important regulations in airline industry which create opportunities and increase the competition as well.The most important legal factor which effects British Airways were the strikes called by nub leaders and recently they announced one more call of strike in coming summer, well BA always stayed in the news either the issues raised by union or it is plane crash but these events have bad impact on the possible customers.(E)conomic FactorsEconomical factors are very important while doing external analysis because if the price of fuel gone up does effect airline. According to recent survey the average spending on travel is dramatically goes down due to global crisis. Many of the organisation working on cost effective soltutions and try to use alternates instead of spending more.The demand for air travel is characterised by very high in surface e stretch forthicity. Usuall fuel prices goes parallel to the value of $ dollar and the exchange rate or lower value of sterling will also effect airline industry.Due to the political instability in Iraq has effect the fuel prices and these price get record higher(prenominal) which add 100 million in BAs budget.(S)ocial FactorsThe effect of social factor on trading is different for different countries but still this factor is long in growth and development of airline.So BA need to trained their ply on demographic changes. Recently in channel 4 they mentioned that the average people over than 50s do frequent travells as compared to young generation so, British Airways need to make such tempting strategies which brings more customers of this age .(T)echnologyBA does around 57000 surveys every month to get best knowledge what their customers want and expect from them. Almost third of airline booking are now do online that again signifies presence of high class technology. With almost half of all Europe from UK site. Travellers can have get to to their bookings or any changes via their mobile phones even. They can sign in and also admission real time arrival and departure information with online system. This system is definitely saving their time as well as notes of travellers and company.(E)nvironmentalIn Enviornmental analysis British Airways is focusing on climate change because this issue keep more value rather then others and on other hand new legislation on enviornment does efffect the company growth . British Airways have introduced programme on change of climate which has four core areas. unripe SchemeCarbon emissionFuel consumptionNoise pollutionIn March 2009 company carbon offset scheme became first ever airline offset product to meet the requirements of the UK Governments Quality Assurance Scheme. Company targets to reduce company net CO2 emission by 50% far by 2050. Meeting this target will require intense investment in terms of newer technology, appropriate bio-jet fuels and in cost-effective emissions reductions in other sectors of the preservation by the creation of new effective global carbon trading markets. Company continue to look for newer ways to improve fuel efficiency and most surprisingly over 600 projects have been assessed so far of these 55 have been implemented successfully.4. Market Analysis OF British Airways-The main focus of Brtish Airways is on out-migration but t hey also providing freight forwarding and leisure to their customers.Market of Britsh Airways has increased to 5.7% in 2009 which allow them to reach 9.2 billion. Airline is considered as a most comfort medium of transport. In 2009 the ration of short distance flights was very high which gain 72.9% of the market. Currently other airlines acquiring maximum share of the short distance flight market because of cost effective.But these airlines still have a threat from the fuel prices.4.1. Competitor AnalysisThe competition in airline industry is getting boom now if we compared this market with the past market, because now customers has more choice in terms of luxury, cost effectiveand many others.British Airways has two different marketing competitiotrs one based on short distance or at national level where as the other competitors are for international flights operating world wide. According to these two markets British Airways has keeping two different standards kindred national lev el flights are cost effective and very economical where as for international flight BAs has entirely different enviornment on the base of luxury,price and other aspects.. Therefore, BA seem competing on a global, European, national as well as on regional scales.New planes, new routes, additional (frequent) flights and management changes are all factors that promise an amend business. Such changes made by competitors need unremitting monitoring in order for BA to examine its current position and to develop future strategies.4.2. Customer AnalysisShaw (2004) addresses what he calls the most fundamental and commonest mistakes made in airline marketing failure to make a proper distinction between the Consumer and the Customer. Consumers are the people who actually travel and avail the service however it is important that BA consider customers, as they are the decision makers. This is important in both consumer markets as well as in industrial markets.BAs customers can be found differ enormously in terms of their buying behaviour. Not only they differ in terms of their age, income, educational levels and geographic location but more fundamentally in BAs case in terms of their lifestyles and expectations which are influenced by many factors.BA also operates in an industrial market which differs in buying behaviour that can further be exhibited by the formality of BAs purchasing policies, their delivery dates and their expected and actual performance.Over the last few years increasing complexity in customer needs has been appreciated, as the customers have become more educated and demanding due to this following changes have occurred.A shift in demographic to older passengers ratherIncreased global connectivity ultimately allowing the customers more frequent usage of internet and search mediums (in terms of comparison of services, prices and general layout. Well maintained up to date data on company websites further make decision easier for the customers).Increase d requirement of restroom (new destination, quick check-in, in flight service/ entertainment etc).Price no doubts remains more of priority.All bits of major and minor egments have become more defined within their needs.Evidence that British Airways is failing to respond to the changing customer landscape includesThe amount of BA customers recommending their services reduced from 61% in 2006/7 to 59% in 2007/8 (British Airways 2008).BA have been criticised for innovation (Doganis,2006, Pg 165).Poor reliability and baggage handling (AQR)Failed attempts to target the price conscious consumer through low cost airline operation (Eirma,2008).5. BrandingA name, term, sign, symbol, memo, design or a combination of all intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and at the same time to differentiate them from those of competitors.5.1. Scope of BrandingBranding creates a mental structure which helps consumers to organise their knowledge about the product or the service in such a way that clarifies their decision more in order to make appropriate decision ultimately providing positive value to the firm.British Airways brand value stresses to ensure that all behaviours and communication should properly reflect the qualities of their brand. Any sponsorshipby themmust get fit in with these values.Brand values of British Airways areSafe and secureProfessionalWarmThoughtfulResponsibleBritish.As a global company they are interested in working with other companies with the purpose of reaching far international audiences.5.2. Brand Crisis Analysisformer(a) investigation shows that the British Airways get more damaged due to disaster in terminal.A Disturbance in Public relation occured due to disorgansed management , lack of strategy in marketing, and the events of the past few days blighted BAs brand for years. The problems at T5 hit 100% of the brand, all over the world. Then in that location is the very specific damage done to BAs brand equ ity. At the heart of its positioning are reassurance and reliability, making it peculiarly vulnerable to a debacle like that of T5. In branding terms, there is a world of difference between inconsistency and contradiction. BA is found facing the mother of all contradictions, which was further mislead by the coverage of international media. But this was favourable for international passenger carrier to shatter the compaign based on Scheduled-BBH- created brand building. But the unfavourable finish left bad reputation of brand on customer expeirence, on the other hand this will lead to Britsh Airways This, however, leaves the brand facing a deluge of negative coverage and a black mark on passengers experiences, without any possible injection of brand equity in the predictable future.BAs poor strategy of marketing really effected the Brand. Few days before British Airways adverise that the destination 5 would be the future of airline to just create attention of customers. The image of BA chief Willie Walsh, arms outstr etched, gushing, I think its great and its going to get better. This is a hundred times better than anything else at Heathrow, has been etched in the annals of PR blunders. Aside from undermining Walsh and his tenure as chief executive, this has compounded a huge damage to the brand name of BA. Britsh Airwayss have contigency plan for the worst situation whereas skillful and Public relation staff is not possible to managed. British Airways is always staying in the news wheather it was plane aircrash or some thing different. Like few months before an air craft was crashed and this news stay on news channel for long four days.The dilemma of Britsh Airways is not finished yet like loss of 15,000 bags of customers still missing, 10% of scheduled flights were canceled and no positive assurance that these problems are ssorted . So,in the end there is no point to claimed that British Airways is out from the crisis. A last weeken aspect is the issue on British Airways staff. One day higher offical of terminal 5 Gareth KirkwoodUnlike T5 boss Gareth Kirkwood, who usually around with praetorian come forward recklessly infront of media reporters for announcement but later on he moved back to his office before respondent to the questions asked by media. When senior supervisors or managers are not around they want staff to deal annoyed passengers, even one of the union leader issue a statement in which he requesting customers that do not use harsh words for British Airways employees. British Airways announced terminal 5 as an favorable circumstances for their employeed but on the other hand prospect in its employer brand strategy to manage staff is quite weaken. Morever the major weak point for British Airways is its unfortunately weak chief executive the terminal which will stay open for ages is destroyed at initial stages. Furthermore the Brand name of leading airline getting damaged in front of interntaional customers.6. Customer Relation ManagementCRM is the development and maintenance of mutually beneficial long relationships with strategically significant customers (Buttle, 2000).CRM is an IT enhanced value process, which identifies, develops, integrates and focuses the various competencies of the firm to the voice of the customer in order to deliver long-term superior customer value, at a profit to well identified existing and potential customers.(Plakoyiannaki and Tzokas, 2001).6.1.Customer allegianttyThe term customer loyalty is used to describe the behaviour of customers/their tendency to come to same service or product again. In terms of air travel industry companies offering good ratings, reviews, or testimonials definitely have a strong impact on customers choice. Customers referring others to the same service they get satisfied really add to marketing of the company with absolutely no cost. By measure a service or in other words offering favourable word of mouth publicity regarding a product, t elling friends and family, adding them to the number of loyal customers ultimately adds to the profitability of the company.British Airways is to announce a shift in strategy by providing passengers not only cheap fares but also providing them the access to luxury airport lounges and other benefits through their new loyalty schemes.The British Airways Executive Club is not just another frequent flyer programme. It has been knowing not only to recognise but also reward business travellers every time they fly. The airline is responding to the slump in business travel during the respite by offering frequent flyers the elite membership of its Executive Club even sometime in a year to those passengers as well, buying discounted thrift tickets.Previously, only passengers on expensive fares could earn Tier Points needed for Gold or Silver membership which opens the doors to world-class facilities for them, including its 60 million Galleries lounges at Heathrows Terminal 5 featuring cham pagne bars and free fine dining etc. But now company introduces certain packages for the less frequent or short flight passengers as well, though they can avail its benefits in certain times not in the whole year like frequent flyers.7. E-MarketingE-marketing means using digital technologies (newer and improved) to help sell ones goods or services. These technologies are definitely a valuable complement to traditional marketing methods whatever the size of the company or business model actually has.7.1. E-Marketing Strategies-Electronic sources- Internet, mobile, itvInteractive media Personalized communication serviceGlobal reachCost efficiencyEasy accessTargeting right audienceBrandingMeasurability7.2. E-Marketing ToolsWebsites- easy to use, content specific, simple designSMS/ texting through mobileEmail strategySell the product chat to customersServe peopleSave timeSizzle and extend brand identityThe use of e-marketing strategies allows organisations like BA to approach customers at their convenience and improved convenience and quality of their services adding to positive word of mouth, ultimately better profitability.British Airways has announced its newly friendly user website, and promote this website as a planning tool for their customers to maximise their online business nad made it tempted for the customers who preffer to do online bookings and travel planning . As a Brand online bookings and travell planning is a far easy way of communication for its customers. British Airways spend more than around $180 million in developing and maintaining the websites which reflects a straight and simple magnetic declination in context of online operations so in result the largest airline received customer satisfaction. Britsh Airways has always been focusing customer for their creativity and improvement.Rob McDonald leading staff of Britsh Airways said in a statement That website is not only cost and time effective , the extensive operation on new websites also allow the customer to get more control regarding time management, money and deliver them best travel experience on board. In addition he said that we are trying to devlop more smart website so customer can easily grasp information regarding their proposed travels, furthermore he said that we know our customer needs and to fullfil them is our priority.Online booking system through British Airways website has increased massively from 2001, customer getting awareness day by day and they do privilege online bookings rather then pop in to travel agent. The ratio of online booking in 2001 is just 3% but now it increased to 20% which is comparatively 7 times higher then before. Similarly overall worldwide revenue is also increased which is twice from the last 2 years and on other hand revenue for Asia Pacific region is five time higher then before so these online transaction system increased the company revenue.As a leading brand in global international airline market, aircrafts of Britis h Airways landed on the runways to almost more than 200 destinations almost all over the worldand from which half of the flights are the worlds largest international passenger airline, British Airways plcs planes touch down daily on runways almost everywhere from Tehran to Lagos to Bogota. near half of its flights are across an ocean and most of the flights fly to US. British Airways marketing department has launched various email marketing strategies especially for the loyal customers who travels on long haul flights and introduced a niche website to maximise their online trasactions.ConclusionBritish Airways as a leading international airline has to work hard and need improvement on their marketing strategy. The poor marketing strategy have always bad impact on company growth. I have analysed that British Airways need to improve marketing strategy to gain maximum customer loyalty. Furthermore British Airways is really effected due to global financial crisis, so to handle this sit uation Britsh Airways need to develop such marketing stratagies to get competitive advantage. Morever the new legislations imposed by the athourities on enviornment, noise pollution have direct and indirect impact on the airline. Britsh Airways need to target older people over 50s because they often travel and planned journeys so they would be potential customer. Britsh Airways is planning to introduce more rewards for frequent travellers. In addition British Airways has a threat for their short haul flights from Easy Jet because Easy Jet is cost effective for short haul flights so britsh airways should develop competitive stratagy to sustain in airline industry.

The Letters In Pride And Prejudice

The Letters In Pride And PrejudiceTo reveal how useful the earns atomic number 18 in Pride and Prejudice, we need to look at the history behind garner writing. Jane Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813. The main form of discourse then was by letters. However, they did non reserve a Central Postal system that we get under ones skin today, where if you want to send a letter or tract urgently then it could arrive within a few hours, instead they had their mail sent by Mail Coach. Although, you could send the mail by render, which was where you would buy off an extra amount of money to have your mail sent faster, for example Mr Gardiners letter in chapter 44 was sent by express.There were no crock up envelopes so letters were folded and the address would be written on the back, often they would seal it using wax. If the letter was private then the bring throughr may have made an envelope which would be made from simply folding paper. In chapter 35 Darcy aff ects an envelope for his letter to Elizabeth because it is so abundant. Paper would have been extremely pricy in Jane Austens time, so to save paper the writer would write in the margins making sure they used up every space upon the paper. The letters would have been written using a pen made from a quill feather, which would have been sharpened to a point and dipped in ink.The lost first first version of Pride and Prejudice was written in epistolary form and was called, First Impressions. Other eighteenth century authors wrote in this form. A 20th century novel also written in epistolary form is, The Color Purple, Alice Walker.In total there ar 40 letters any paraphrased or directly quoted in the novel Pride and Prejudice. Letters are useful because they give secrecy between two slips allowing for complete privacy. They allow the showcases to express feelings they can never convey aloud, they have time to think. Letters allow one to reveal their thoughts more personally and intimately than they can in person. complete(a) at a blank page of paper is definitely less intimidating than looking into someones eyes. Letters allow you to communicate without travelling yourself. They are full(a) for the use of invitations. Communication is such an important vitality, and letter-writing lacks the loss of words, stuttering, awkward silences, and uneasiness that conversations can sometimes carry. You can ingest a letter all over and over again each time gaining a correct understanding. In Chapter 36 Elizabeth reads the letter from Darcy intently it quotes, commanded herself so for as to examine the meaning of every sentence., she read and re-read with the closest attention., Again she read on. They show that you can study a letter and read beyond the surface.As a reader a letter makes you feel as if you are prying. It gives you a quick coverage so you know what is happening in the novel. They are used to catch up with reasons of behaviour which advances the spot. From using letters it shows Janes ability to provide a physique and also break up the narrative at the same time. From the letters in the novel you can learn about the character of the writer and also the characteristics are revealed without being said bluntly.In the novel Pride and Prejudice, letter-writing is almost as much a form of communication as face-to-face conversation. In fact, letters provide some of the most intense and important climaxes in the story, not to mention some of the most intense secrets. This method that Austen uses effectively conveys the situation without any interruption or delay. The most obvious example of a letter revealing intimate feelings is Darcys letter in chapter 35.The content is informing her of the truth about Wickham. Darcy writes this letter to Elizabeth to apologise and explain for his behaviour. He writes it in a letter because he does not know whether he should reveal the truth to her. He writes You may possibly wonder why all thi s was not told you last night but I was not then master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed. He decides to confide in her. He says I write without any intention of paining you This reveals that his character is not as arrogant as you are made to think about him and that he is considerate and sensitive which is everything Elizabeth demand to be reading at this time. He is focussed by sticking to the point and uses an anxious but calm tone. His letter is in detail and in great length. He uses a widened vocabulary and his style is varied. He is original and open-hearted. His letter shows that he is an educated writer. This explanation to Elizabeth is a crucial piece of textual matter because it alters the way she thinks and her feelings towards Darcy and Wickham, Her feelings as she read were scarcely to be defined. Until he writes this letter, Darcy does not show his true emotions and feelings towards people. The letter is useful to Darcy because it lets him express his feelings that have been locked up internal him. He trusts Elizabeth enough to confide in her.A complete opposite of Darcy is Mr collins. There are many distinctive differences between them. In chapter 13 Mr Collins writes to Mr Bennet to invite himself over to Longbourn. He writes the letter so he can meet the daughters and hopefully marry one, which will make him feel better about his inheritance. It is seen as being extremely rude inviting himself, but he assumes it will be acceptable. He writes a brief and formal letter in a pompous tone to reinforce gossip. He uses words such as honoured, pleased and grateful to grovel and show his respect, especially towards Lady Catherine de Bourgh who he thinks the world of and boasts about knowing. He thinks he is really important by boasting about his position of the Church of England, he says, As a clergyman, moreover, I feel it my duty to. This is an example of him flattering himself. He uses a near(a) range of vocabulary t o boast of his intellect. He is shown as being patronising towards the Bennets by saying and that the circumstance of my being next in the entail of Longbourn He sames to remind them that he will inherit their home which will make the Bennets annoyed. His letter is rushed I know this from the way he wanders around the point and does not stay focussed. From this letter it reveals that Mr Collins is already being recognised as a buffoon.Mr Collins and Lydia have similar traits. In chapter 47 Lydia writes to her friend Harriet to inform her that she is planning to secretly disappear to Gretna Green and elope with Wickham. She writes to brag, to send her apologies to Pratt for not being able to dance with him and also to ask Sally to mend a great slit in her worked muslin gown. Lydias letter does not take the plot further or introduce any unexampled storylines. It is a very short and informal letter that is disorganised. All of the information is at random this is proof that it has b een rushed. Lydia shows no respect for the reader, she says, if you cannot guess who with, I shall think you a simpleton, She is also inconsiderate towards her family, she writes, You need not send them word at Longbourn of my going,, for it will make the surprise the greater, when I write to them and sign my name Lydia Wickham. From writing this it shows Lydia to have no concern for possible consequences and that she is self-centred. She uses short sentences and a giddy tone, she writes, What a unattackable joke it will be She does not take anything seriously everything is a big joke to her. She writes carelessly and with simple vocabulary which suggests her naivet and silliness. Lydias letter gets across her character as being selfish, immature, unsophisticated and definitely inconsiderate.One may think that sisters would share the same characteristics but Janes letters in chapter 46 proves that she is nothing like Lydia. Janes letters are to Elizabeth and are about Lydias unexp ected elopement with Wickham to Gretna Green. Jane wrote these letters to Elizabeth to inform her of the event and to urge her to return home. Janes letters are long and detailed and are written in a more mature tone than Lydias. They are written in a formal manner. She is also informative and uses a variety of sentence lengths. She uses words such as imprudent and exigence which show her use of a more complex vocabulary. She also uses more complex sentences and a good use of commas and semi-colons for example, I am truly glad, dearest Lizzy, that you have been spared something of these distressing scenes but now, as the first shock is over, shall I own that u long for your return? Even though she is very distressed and concerned she manages to stay pleasant towards Wickham, she says,.I am willing to hope the best, and that his character has been misunderstood., and, My father and mother see the worst, but I cannot think so ill of him. She is still kind even in thoughts. She uses a comforting tone towards Elizabeth because she knows that she will be distraught by the news, she writes, I am very, very sorry., and My dear Lizzy She is being sympathetic and a true sister Jane uses abbreviations for places and names that she knows Lizzy will understand, these are, Mrs F. , W. and Colonel F. The letters reveal that Janes character is comforting, kind-hearted and considerate.I have learned that in Pride and Prejudice the letters are very useful because they move the plot along and introduce new storylines. They give secrecy between two characters and allow them to express their true feelings. The characters will find it much easier to reveal their thoughts more intimately in a letter then saying it in person. Most importantly they allow us to see what the letter reveals about the writers character and give us a better understanding for their actions and behaviour.By Alana Holmes

Dynamic Characters In A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

Dynamic Characters in A tarradiddle of Two Cities. Charles Dickens is an important writer in his time. Charles Dickens is born on February 7, 1812 in England. Many of the books he writes are classics. One of the his classics is A Tale of Two Cities. A Tale of Two Cities is about a group of people who get stuck in France at the time of the revolution and only a very dear assistant saves them from living lives of sadness. In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens uses dynamic characters that change drastically from the beginning to the end of he book.One example of a dynamic character is Sydney cartonful. He is one of the idlest and most unpromising of men (83). Dickens also describes Carton as a problem or sloppiness and recklessness (200). Carton is unpromising and reckless because the other characters in the book see him as a man who drinks too much and cant take care of himself. While sitting in Mr. Lorrys office with John Barsad and Jerry Cruncher Sydney Carton fills another g lass with brandy, pours it slowly upon the h priming coat, and watches it as it drops (296). Sydney Carton spills the brandy to signify that he wont be a drunken man any more. Carton also changes in the aspect that he feels hit the hay towards Lucie. After Darnays first trial in England Carton treats Darnay to dinner at a local tavern. During their conversation Darnays chouse, Lucie, is mentioned. Carton feels no love towards Lucie at that time. He says, I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me (82). Soon after Sydney Carton finds himself falling in love with Lucie Manette. Carton says, For you and any dear to you I would do anything . . . . I would embrace any establish for you and those dear to you . . . . think now and then that there is a man who would give his life to keep a life you love beside you (147 148). Sydney Carton ostensibly changes his opinion on loving and caring. Sydney Carton is an example of a main charact er that is dynamic in A Tale of Two Cities.Dr. Manette is a atomic number 42 example of a dynamic character in A Tale of Two Cities. When Lucie, Mr. Lorry, and Monsieur Defarge meet Dr.

Genetically Modified Organisms: Our Only Hope to Feed Seven Billion Peo

Modern Agriculture Farming experienced little change from the end of the medieval age until the middle of the 21st century. (Baker, 2014) When the tractor became the common farm tool and replaced the horse, curtail yields remained much the same. (Baker, 2014) From 1866 until 1938, corn yields in the United States were reported at 30 bushels an acre. This, when compared to medieval yields, is not much high than a good growing year in medieval whiles. (Baker, 2014) Innovation was drastically stalled by the Second World War and the Korean conflict. However, by 1951, crop yield began to steadily increase as new technologies like fertilizer and hybrid corn breeds became more readily available in the United States.(Baker, 2014) subsequently the introduction of these innovations, corn yields in the United States, from 1952-present, showed an increased yield of 2 bushels an acre per year. (Baker, 2014) This simple increase, not only of corn, but other grain sources has led to a huge inc rease in the population of the world. The population has increased more rapidly in the last 200 years than any other time in history. This may seem like a relatively short time, but when compared to the history of agriculture this is a very short time period. demand that it took over 1000 years for the world to reach a population of 1 billion and only 207 years to reach 7 billion. This is an exponential salvo in the population. Throughout history, agriculture, through several revolutions, has made it possible to sustain the world population. Through innovations such as the plow, crop rotation, and fertilizer, yields have grown and back up the population. But how will modern agriculture support a population of 7 billion people? There is n... ... Biosafety? Indiana Journal of Global efficacious Studies 9.2 (2002) 461-500. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.Levetin, Estelle, and Karen McMahon. Chapter 11 Origins of Agriculture. Plants and Society. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008. 177-186. Web . 3 Mar. 2014.Paarlberg, Robert. GMO Foods and Crops Africas Choice. New Biotechnology 27.5 (2010) 609-613. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.Pray, Carl, Latha Nagrajan, Luping Li, Jikun D. Huag, Ruifa Hu, K.N Selvaraj, Ora Napasintuwong, and Chandra Babu. Potential Impact of Biotechnology on Adaption of Agriculture to Climate Change the Case of drought Tolerant Rice Breeding in Asia. Sustainability 3(2011) 1723-1741. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.Xia, Lanqin, Youzhi Ma, Yi He, and Huw D. Jones. GM Wheat Development in China Current Status and Challenges to Commercialization. Journal of Experimental plant 63.5 (2012) 1785-1790. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.